options ps = 70 ls=75 nodate nonumber; data a; input plant leaf acid; cards; 1 1 11.2 1 1 11.6 1 1 12.0 1 2 16.5 1 2 16.8 1 2 16.1 1 3 18.3 1 3 18.7 1 3 19.0 2 1 14.1 2 1 13.8 2 1 14.2 2 2 19.0 2 2 18.5 2 2 18.2 2 3 11.9 2 3 12.4 2 3 12.0 3 1 15.3 3 1 15.9 3 1 16.0 3 2 19.5 3 2 20.1 3 2 19.3 3 3 16.5 3 3 17.2 3 3 16.9 4 1 7.3 4 1 7.8 4 1 7.0 4 2 8.9 4 2 9.4 4 2 9.3 4 3 11.3 4 3 10.9 4 3 10.5 ; run; proc print; run; proc mixed covtest; class leaf plant; model acid=plant/s; random leaf(plant); lsmeans plant; estimate '1 vs 2' plant 1 -1 0 0; estimate '1 vs 3' plant 1 0 -1 0; estimate '1 vs 4' plant 1 0 0 -1; estimate '2 vs 3' plant 0 -1 1 0; estimate '2 vs 4' plant 0 -1 0 1; estimate '3 vs 4' plant 0 0 -1 1; run;